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Both means “the two together,” and we use it when something is true of two people or things at the same time. It works three ways in English: as a determiner before a noun (both hands), as a pronoun on its own (both are fine), and as a conjunction in the pair both … and (both fast and cheap). Below we cover each use, the mistakes editors flag most often, where the word comes from, and how to say it in other languages.

What does “both” mean?

In one sentence: both refers to two people or things together, stressing that each of the two is included.

The key number is two. “Both” never points to one thing, and in modern standard English it doesn’t point to three or more. That limit is what separates it from all, which handles any group of three or more.

The word also carries a small note of emphasis. Compare these:

• The candidates spoke.
• Both candidates spoke.

The second sentence tells us there were exactly two, and that neither one stayed silent. “Both” closes the door on the idea that only one of them did something.

Dictionaries label “both” differently: Merriam-Webster lists it as a pronoun and conjunction, while Cambridge treats it as a determiner and pronoun. Older references sometimes call it an adjective instead of a determiner. The label changes, but the grammar doesn’t.

Use	Pattern	Example
Determiner	both + plural noun	Both doors were locked.
Pronoun	both on its own, or both of + pronoun	Both of us agreed.
Conjunction	both X and Y	She is both funny and kind.

How to pronounce “both”

“Both” is a single syllable that rhymes with growth and loath.

• Simple respelling: BOHTH
• IPA (US): /boʊθ/
• IPA (UK): /bəʊθ/

The ending is the soft “th” of thin, never the buzzing “th” of this. So it’s not “bothe” with a voiced sound.

Some speakers, notably in parts of the United States, add an L and say “bolth.” It’s a recognised regional variant, but most dictionaries treat it as nonstandard. In a job interview or a presentation, BOHTH is the safer choice.

“Both” as a determiner: before a noun

This is the most common use. “Both” sits in front of a plural noun to say that the two of something are involved.

• Hold the rail with both hands.
• Both tickets are for Saturday.
• I’ve read both books in the series.

The noun has to be plural and countable. Both car and both water are wrong. If you can’t put a “two” in front of the noun, you can’t put “both” there either.

Both, both the, and both of the

English gives us three ways to say the same thing when the noun is specific:

1. Both books are overdue.
2. Both the books are overdue.
3. Both of the books are overdue.

All three are correct. Version 1 is the leanest. Version 2 is common in British English. Version 3 is very common in American speech, though some editors trim the “of” as unnecessary in formal writing.

The same applies to possessives and demonstratives:

• Both my parents / Both of my parents
• Both these photos / Both of these photos

Notice where “the” goes. “Both” always comes before the article, never after. The both books is wrong in standard English. Grammarians call this a predeterminer, a word that sits in front of the usual determiners like the, my and these.

“Both” can’t sit next to a bare number

You’ll sometimes hear both two of them. Drop the number. “Both” already means “the two,” so the extra “two” repeats itself. Say both of them or the two of them.

“Both” as a pronoun

As a pronoun, “both” stands in for a pair that’s already been named or is obvious from context.

• I couldn’t choose between the blue and the green, so I bought both.
• “Tea or coffee?” “Both, please. It’s been a long day.”
• Two applicants were interviewed. Both were impressive.

Both of + pronoun

When “both” combines with a personal pronoun, you need of, and the pronoun goes into object form:

• both of us**
• both of you**
• both of them**

Both we and both they are wrong. Both us is also wrong at the start of a sentence (Both us went should be Both of us went).

Pronoun + both

You can also flip the order and put “both” after the pronoun, with no “of”:

• We both agreed. (subject)
• I’ll take them both. (object)
• Thank you both for coming. (object)

Us both and them both sound natural as objects. We both and they both work as subjects.

Where the floating “both” goes

When “both” follows the subject rather than leading it, its position depends on the verb. This trips up a lot of learners, so here are the three rules we follow:

1. Before a main verb: They both live in Leeds.
2. After the verb “be”: They are both teachers.
3. After the first auxiliary verb: They have both finished. You can both come in.

One exception catches even native speakers. In a short answer where the main verb is dropped, “both” moves in front of the auxiliary:

• “Are you two hungry?” “We both are.” (not We are both.)
• “Have they signed?” “They both have.”

“Both” as a conjunction: both … and

The pair both … and links two items and stresses that each one is included. Grammarians call it a correlative conjunction, meaning it works as a matched set, like either … or and neither … nor.

• The course is both challenging and rewarding.
• Both Lagos and Nairobi have growing tech scenes.
• She both wrote and directed the film.

It does more work than plain and. The hotel was cheap and clean is a simple description. The hotel was both cheap and clean hints that you didn’t expect the two together.

Keep the two halves parallel

The rule editors enforce most often: whatever follows both must match the grammar of whatever follows and. Noun with noun, verb with verb, phrase with phrase.

Unbalanced	Balanced
He both likes tea and coffee.	He likes both tea and coffee.
She is both a singer and dances.	She both sings and dances.
The plan is both risky and will cost a lot.	The plan is both risky and expensive.
We both visited Rome and Florence. (unclear)	We visited both Rome and Florence.

The last row shows why placement matters. We both visited Rome and Florence could mean “the two of us went to those cities.” We visited both Rome and Florence means “we went to those two cities.” Put both directly in front of the first item it pairs.

A quick test: cover the word both and read the two halves on their own. If they match in shape, you’re fine.

Only “and” goes with “both”

“Both” pairs with and. Not or, not nor, and not as well as.

• ❌ both students as well as teachers
• ✅ both students and teachers
• ✅ students as well as teachers

As well as is a perfectly good phrase. It just doesn’t team up with both. Choose one or the other.

Verb agreement: “both” takes a plural verb

Since “both” always means two, the verb is plural:

• Both are correct.
• Both of the drivers were fined.
• Both the analytics dashboard and the user settings page need a redesign.

This holds even when each item in a both … and pair is singular. Two singular things joined this way make a plural subject. Both the manager and the owner was there is a mistake; it should be were.

Common mistakes with “both” (and the fixes)

Here’s the list we’d hand to any writer before they submit a draft.

1. Using “both” for more than two things

Both Paris, Rome and Madrid doesn’t work in modern English. Use all three, or rewrite.

That said, older writers were looser about this. Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1798) has the line “He prayeth well, who loveth well / Both man and bird and beast.” Usage guides today still advise sticking to two. Poetry gets latitude that a business email doesn’t.

2. Pairing “both” with a negative

Both of them didn’t come is ambiguous. It could mean neither came, or that only one did. English has a cleaner word for “not either one”: neither.

• ❌ Both answers aren’t right.
• ✅ Neither answer is right.
• ✅ Not both answers are right. (meaning: one of them is wrong)

The phrase not both is useful when you mean “one, but not the other,” as in You can have the cake or the pie, not both.

3. “Between both”

The difference between both versions sounds natural to many speakers, but “between” already implies two. Editors usually change it to between the two versions.

4. “The both of you”

The both of you and the both of them are common in casual speech, especially in American and Irish English. They’re fine at the dinner table. In formal writing, drop the: both of you.

5. Redundant pairings

Some combinations say the same thing twice:

• both together (if they’re together, it’s both)
• both equal
• both share (share already implies more than one)

They both share a love of jazz becomes They share a love of jazz or They both love jazz.

6. Possessive confusion

Both’s is awkward and best avoided. Instead of both’s opinions, write both of their opinions, the opinions of both, or simply their opinions.

Both their parents can be ambiguous, too. Do the two people share parents, or does each have their own? If it matters, rephrase: the parents of both children.

Using “both” with “the same”

Since some style guides warn against redundancy, a lot of writers wonder whether “both … the same” counts as padding. Our view: it’s fine when you’re making a comparison, and redundant when you’re not.

Fine, because “the same” tells us something new:

• Both shirts are the same size.
• Both routes take the same time.
• The two reports reached the same conclusion; both used the same data.

Redundant, because “the same” adds nothing:

• They both have the same identical design. (pick the same or identical)
• Both of them were alike and the same.

A related case is both alike. Many guides flag it as redundant, but English literature uses it happily. The prologue of Romeo and Juliet opens with “Two households, both alike in dignity.” There, “both alike” stresses that neither family outranks the other. If your sentence would lose meaning without it, keep it.

Both vs. each, either, neither and all

These words cover similar ground, so here’s how we separate them.

Word	How many	Viewpoint	Verb	Example
both	exactly 2	the two together	plural	Both rooms are free.
each	2 or more	one at a time	singular	Each room has a balcony.
either	2	one or the other	singular	Either room is fine.
neither	2	not one or the other	singular (formally)	Neither room is ready.
all	3 or more	the whole group	plural	All rooms are booked.

A handy test: if you can swap in “the two of them,” use both. If you mean “one of the two, I don’t mind which,” use either. If you mean “not one of the two,” use neither.

There’s one area where either and both overlap. There are shops on either side of the street and There are shops on both sides of the street mean the same thing. Note that either side stays singular while both sides goes plural.

Example sentences with “both”

We wrote these to show “both” across different settings and registers. They’re grouped so you can find the type of sentence you need.

Everyday speech

• We both need a holiday.
• Can I have both? I’m starving.
• Both my sisters live abroad now.
• You both look exhausted. Sit down.

Work and business

• Both proposals came in under budget.
• The update affects both the mobile app and the web version.
• Please send the report to both of us.
• The role needs both technical skill and experience managing people.

Academic and formal writing

• Both studies relied on self-reported data.
• The policy has been criticised by both supporters and opponents.
• The findings are consistent with both hypotheses.

Describing things together

• The soup is both spicy and sweet.
• She wears her hair long on both sides.
• The town is both a fishing port and a holiday resort.

With negatives and alternatives

• You can pay by card or in cash, but not both.
• I asked two people for directions. Neither of them knew.
• Choose one option. Selecting both will cancel your order.

If you’re unsure about a sentence of your own, read it aloud, or have someone else read it, since a second set of ears catches the “both … as well as” slip faster than a spellchecker does. A friend who acts as a sounding board helps more than any grammar app.

Where the word “both” comes from

“Both” entered English from Old Norse, the language of the Viking-age Scandinavians who settled in large parts of northern and eastern England. Etymological dictionaries date its first English appearances to around 1200, in the early Middle English period, when it was spelled forms like bothe and bathe.

The Old Norse source was báðir (masculine), with related forms báðar and bæði. Most dictionaries trace that word to a Proto-Germanic root meaning “both” combined with a form of the demonstrative “the” or “those.” In other words, the ancestor of “both” was something close to “both the.”

Old English already had its own words for the idea: bēgen (masculine) and bā (feminine and neuter). Over time, the Norse-flavoured form won out. Plenty of everyday English words arrived the same way, including they, egg, sky and take.

“Both” has relatives across the Germanic languages: German and Dutch beide, Swedish båda, and Gothic bajoþs. Going back further, the same ancient root shows up in Latin ambo and Greek amphō, both meaning “both.” That’s why English has borrowed words like ambidextrous (good with both hands) and amphibian (living a double life, on land and in water). For more on how researchers piece together family trees like this one, see our guide to the etymology of the word and how linguists trace origins.

Idioms and phrases with “both”

“Both” turns up in a good handful of fixed expressions. Here are the ones you’ll meet most.

The best of both worlds. Getting the advantages of two different things at once. Working from home three days a week gives me the best of both worlds.

Have it both ways. Wanting two things that contradict each other. Often used as a criticism. You can’t complain about the noise and then throw a party. You can’t have it both ways.

Cut both ways. Having good and bad effects, or applying to both sides of an argument. The new rule cuts both ways: it protects tenants, but it also protects landlords.

Burn the candle at both ends. Wearing yourself out by working early and staying up late. She’s been burning the candle at both ends since the baby arrived.

A foot in both camps. Having connections with two opposing groups. As a former player turned referee, he has a foot in both camps.

With both hands. Eagerly, without hesitation. When the job offer came, she grabbed it with both hands.

Both feet on the ground. Practical and sensible. Their accountant has both feet on the ground.

Both sides. Used in debates and politics. The compound both-sides (as in both-sides coverage) and the noun bothsidesism describe the practice of presenting two positions as equally valid even when the evidence favours one. It shows up mostly in media criticism, and it carries a negative tone.

Learning the ins and outs of phrases like these is one of the quickest ways to sound fluent, because native speakers lean on them constantly in conversation.

How to say “both” in other languages

Most languages have more than one way to express “both,” and the choice often depends on formality or on whether you mean the determiner or the both … and construction. This table covers the forms learners need first.

Language	“Both”	“Both … and”	Note
German	beide / die beiden	sowohl … als auch	beides (singular) means “both things” as a whole: Tee oder Kaffee? Beides.
French	les deux / tous les deux	à la fois … et; et … et	tous les deux (m.) and toutes les deux (f.) work as pronouns
Spanish	ambos / ambas; los dos	tanto … como	los dos is more everyday; ambos leans slightly formal
Italian	entrambi / entrambe; tutti e due	sia … sia; sia … che	tutti e due is the chattier option
Portuguese	ambos / ambas; os dois	tanto … quanto	os dois / as duas is common in speech
Dutch	beide; allebei	zowel … als	allebei is the usual informal pronoun
Swedish	båda; bägge	både … och	både … och is a near twin of the English pattern
Japanese	両方 (ryōhō)	… mo … mo	どちらも (dochira mo) means “both / either one”
Mandarin	两个都 (liǎng ge dōu)	既 … 又 … (jì … yòu)	都 (dōu) after the subject covers many uses
Korean	둘 다 (dul da)	… 도 … 도	the particle 도 attaches to each item

A few notes for learners:

German splits “both” in a way English doesn’t. Beide refers to two people or things of the same kind (beide Kinder, both children). Beides treats two different things as a single package (Ich mag beides, I like both). Getting this right is a common sign of an advanced learner.

French builds its pronoun the same way it builds other “all the” phrases. Tous les deux literally means “all the two,” just as tous les jours means “all the days,” that is, every day. Remember the agreement: elles sont toutes les deux parties (they both left, two women).

Spanish and Italian mark gender on “both.” Use ambas or entrambe for two feminine nouns, and the masculine form for mixed or masculine pairs.

Quick reference: the rules in one place

If you only remember a few points, make it these:

1. “Both” means two. For three or more, use all.
2. Put “both” before the, my or these, never after: both the books, not the both books.
3. Use both of + object pronoun: both of us, both of them.
4. The verb is plural: both are, both were.
5. Both pairs with and, never with or, nor or as well as.
6. Keep both … and parallel: same kind of word or phrase on each side.
7. In negatives, reach for neither instead of both … not.

FAQ

Is “both” singular or plural?

Plural. It always refers to two, so it takes a plural verb (both are) and plural nouns (both cars). This applies to the conjunction as well: Both the chair and the table are new.

Can you use “both” for three things?

Not in standard modern English. Use all three or all of them. Older literature sometimes stretched both … and across three items, as in Coleridge’s “both man and bird and beast,” but current usage guides advise against it.

Is it “both of them” or “them both”?

Both are correct, with a slight difference in position. Both of them can start a sentence (Both of them called). Them both comes after a verb or preposition (I called them both). You can’t start a sentence with them both.

Is “the both of you” correct?

It’s widely used in casual speech but considered nonstandard in formal writing. In an essay, report or email to a client, write both of you or you both.

What’s the difference between “both” and “each”?

Both looks at two things together. Each looks at them one at a time and can apply to more than two. Both players scored means the two scored. Each player scored twice focuses on every individual’s tally, and the verb after each is singular.

Can “both” come at the end of a sentence?

Yes, usually after an object pronoun: I’ll take them both. She loves you both. As a one-word reply it’s also natural: “Red or white?” “Both.”

How do you say “both” in German?

The usual word is beide: beide Hände (both hands), die beiden (the two of them). For “both … and,” German uses sowohl … als auch. When you mean two different things taken as a whole, use the singular beides: Ich nehme beides (I’ll take both).

Is “both” a conjunction?

Yes, when it’s paired with and. In both bread and butter, the two words work together as a correlative conjunction. On its own, “both” is a determiner (both books) or a pronoun (both are mine).

Drawn is the past participle of the verb draw, so it covers everything from a pencil sketch to a pulled cart to a name picked from a hat. It is also an adjective in its own right, describing a face that looks thin, pale and tired from stress or illness. Below we walk through every common sense with examples, plus the phrases (drawn-out, hanged, drawn and quartered) that trip people up.

What does drawn mean?

In one sentence: drawn means pulled, sketched, taken out or attracted (as a form of draw), or, as an adjective, looking strained and exhausted.

The word works in two ways. Most of the time it is the third form of an irregular verb: draw, drew, drawn. It follows have, has, had or a form of be: “She has drawn a map,” “The winner was drawn at random.” Less often, it stands alone as an adjective before or after a noun: “a drawn face,” “He looked drawn.”

Pronunciation is simple. In British English it is a long “aw” sound, /drɔːn/. Many American speakers say /drɔn/, and in accents where cot and caught sound the same it comes out closer to /drɑn/. Either way it is one syllable and rhymes with yawn.

The main meanings of drawn, with examples

The verb draw has dozens of senses in any full dictionary, and drawn inherits all of them. These are the ones we actually meet in everyday reading.

1. Made with lines (sketched)

The most familiar use. Something drawn has been made with a pen, pencil or stylus rather than painted or photographed.

• “The comic was hand-drawn before being coloured digitally.”
• “The architect had drawn three versions of the floor plan.”

2. Pulled or dragged

The oldest sense. A horse-drawn carriage is pulled by horses; a drawn bow has its string pulled back.

• “The royal coach was drawn by eight grey horses.”
• “With the bowstring drawn, she held her breath.”

This sense also covers curtains, and here the word is famously two-faced. “The curtains were drawn” usually means closed, but “she drew the curtains back” means opened. Context does the work, so add back, open or shut when it matters.

3. Taken out or extracted

Liquid, money, weapons and conclusions can all be drawn.

• “Blood was drawn for testing.”
• “Water is drawn from a well fed by an underground source.”
• “He stood with his sword drawn.” (A drawn sword is one pulled from its sheath, ready to use.)
• “The report’s conclusions were drawn from five years of data.”

4. Chosen at random

Lotteries, raffles and tournament brackets all rely on this sense.

• “Our ticket was drawn third.”
• “England have been drawn against Brazil in the group stage.”

5. Attracted to someone or something

When people search “being drawn to someone,” this is the sense they mean. To be drawn to a person, place or idea is to feel pulled toward it, often without a clear reason.

• “I’ve always been drawn to old bookshops.”
• “She was drawn to him from the first conversation.”

It is often felt as stronger than attracted and does not have to be romantic. You can be drawn to a career, a city or a style of music.

6. Tired, thin and strained (adjective)

As a true adjective, drawn describes a face or person that looks worn out: thin, pale, with tightened features, usually from worry, grief, pain or lack of sleep.

• “After three nights in the hospital, his face was grey and drawn.”
• “She looked drawn and tired at the press conference.”

The image is of skin pulled tight over the bones. It is stronger than tired and suggests something has been taking a toll for a while.

7. Ended in a tie

In sport and games, a drawn match has no winner. British English uses this constantly; American English tends to prefer tied.

• “The first Test was drawn after rain washed out the final day.”
• “It was a drawn game, one goal each.”

Quick summary table

Sense	Example	Register
Sketched	a hand-drawn map	Neutral
Pulled	a horse-drawn cart	Neutral
Taken out	blood was drawn	Neutral, medical
Chosen at random	the winning number was drawn	Neutral
Attracted	drawn to the sea	Neutral, slightly literary
Exhausted-looking	a pale, drawn face	Descriptive, literary
Tied	a drawn match	Mostly British

Drawn, drew or drawed?

Draw is irregular, which is where most mistakes happen. Getting the ins and outs of its three forms right takes one rule:

• Drew is the simple past: “She drew a circle.”
• Drawn needs a helper verb: “She has drawn a circle,” “The circle was drawn.”

So “I have drew” and “it was drew” are wrong in standard English. Drawed turns up in some regional dialects and in children’s speech, but in writing it reads as an error.

Spellcheck will not save you here, because drawl and drawn are both real words. Read the sentence aloud: if it is about how someone talks, you want drawl.

Hanged, drawn and quartered

This phrase is one of the main reasons people look up drawn. It names the punishment England reserved for men convicted of high treason, used from the medieval period until it was abolished in the 19th century. The condemned man was hanged, then mutilated, and his body cut into four parts (quartered), which were often displayed in public.

The tricky part is drawn. Historians disagree about which sense it carries. One reading is “dragged,” because prisoners were pulled to the place of execution on a hurdle or sledge behind a horse. The other is “disembowelled,” an old meaning of draw also found in cookery (to draw a chicken is to remove its innards). Both senses of the verb are genuine, and the word order in the phrase varies across old sources, so there is no single settled answer.

Notice the phrase uses hanged, not hung. For executions, hanged is the standard past form; hung is for pictures, coats and laundry.

Drawn-out and other phrases

Drawn-out (adjective) means lasting longer than it needs to. It is almost always negative, and long drawn-out is the most common pairing.

• “After a long drawn-out legal battle, the two companies settled.”
• “We sat through a drawn-out speech about parking rules.”

Use the hyphen when it comes before the noun (a drawn-out process) and drop it after a verb (the process was drawn out).

Other phrases worth knowing:

• Battle lines are drawn: two sides have taken clear, opposing positions. “The battle lines are drawn over the new housing plan.”
• Drawn butter: melted (often clarified) butter served as a dip, classically with lobster.
• Drawn work: embroidery in which threads are pulled out of the fabric to make open patterns.
• Drawn wire or drawn steel: metal pulled through a die to make it thinner and longer.
• Draw the line: the base verb, meaning to set a limit. “I’ll help you move, but I draw the line at carrying the piano.”

Where the word comes from

Drawn traces back to the Old English verb dragan, “to drag, pull or draw.” The same Germanic root gave us drag, which explains why the two words overlap so much in meaning. Related forms exist across the family, including Old Norse draga and German tragen, “to carry.”

The sketching sense grew out of the pulling sense: drawing a line is literally pulling a pen across a surface. The “tired face” adjective uses the same picture, features pulled tight. Almost every meaning on this page goes back to that single idea of pulling.

Definitions on the go

When you check drawn in dictionary apps, you will usually see it split into two entries: the verb form under draw, and a short adjective entry for the tired sense. If you only remember three things, make it these:

1. Drawn follows has, have, had or was; drew stands alone.
2. As an adjective, drawn means looking thin, pale and strained.
3. Drawn-out means taking too long.

And for word-game players: DRAWN is a solid five-letter word for Wordle and similar games, with two common consonant clusters (DR and WN) and a single vowel.

FAQ

What does it mean when someone looks drawn?

They look exhausted and strained, usually thinner and paler than normal, as if worry, illness or grief has worn them down. It is a stronger, more visible state than simply looking tired.

Is drawn a verb or an adjective?

Both. Most of the time it is the past participle of the verb draw (“the picture was drawn by a child”). It is also an adjective describing a tired, tense face (“she looked drawn”).

What does being drawn to someone mean?

It means feeling attracted to or pulled toward a person, often instinctively. The attraction can be romantic, but it can also be friendship, admiration or simple curiosity.

Is it “have drew” or “have drawn”?

“Have drawn” is correct. Drew is the simple past and never follows have, has or had in standard English.

Does “the curtains were drawn” mean open or closed?

Usually closed, but draw can describe pulling curtains in either direction. If the difference matters, say “drawn back” for open or “drawn shut” for closed.